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Phytophthora lateralis : ウィキペディア英語版 | Phytophthora lateralis
''Phytophthora lateralis'' (Tucker & Milbrath) is a soil-borne plant pathogen that causes cedar root disease in Port Orford cedar trees (''Chamaecyparis lawsoniana'' (Murray )) in Northern USA. This pathogen was first noted to cause disease in around 1920 on nursery stock near Seattle WA.〔http://www.borenv.net/BER/pdfs/ber13/ber13-A033.pdf Alien forest pathogens: Phytophthora species are changing world forests Hansen, EM Boreal Environment Research (Environ. Res. ). Vol. 13, suppl. A, pp. 33-41. 2008〕〔Tucker, C.M.; Milbrath, J.A., 1942: Root rot of Chamaecyparis caused by a species of Phytophthora. Mycologia 34, 94–101.〕 Pacific yew (''Taxus brevifolia'' Nutt.) is also vulnerable to ''P. lateralis'' 〔DeNitto, G.A.; Kleijunas, J.T., 1991: First report of Phytophthora lateralis on Pacific yew. Plant Disease 75, 968.〕〔Murray, M.S.; Hansen, E.M., 1997: Susceptibility of Pacific Yew to Phytophthora lateralis. Plant Disease 81, 1400–1404.〕 but less susceptible than Port Orford cedar trees, and tree mortality has only been observed in areas where ''C. lawsoniana'' trees were also infected. Asiatic species of ''Chamaecyparis'' are generally described as resistant to ''P. lateralis'', although this pathogen is occasionally isolated from ''Chamaecyparis obtusa'' (Siebold & Zucc.) Endl. (Hinoki cypress) in nurseries.〔 == Mode of infection == The most frequent symptoms of disease caused by ''P. lateralis'' are root and collar lesions. Trees become infected by their roots coming into contact with the zoospores in the soil or water. Hyphae then develop in larger roots and into the root collar where they kill the inner bark.〔Oh, E.; Hansen, E.M., 2007: Histopathology of infection and colonization of susceptible and resistant Port-Orford-cedar by Phytophthora lateralis. Phytopathology 97, 684–693.〕 Infrequent foliar infections resulting in branch lesions, have also been reported.〔Trione, E.J.; Roth, L.F., 1957: Aerial infection of Chamaecyparis by Phytophthora lateralis. Plant Disease Reporter 41, 211–215.〕〔Robin, C., Piou, D., Feau, N., Douzon, G., Schenck, N., Hansen, E.M. 2010. Root and aerial infections of Chamaecyparis lawsoniana by Phytophthora lateralis: a new threat for European countries. Forest Pathology, 〕
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